Publications
Now showing items 1-100 of 193
Financial Report 2022
(2023)
In 2022, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to €65.1 billion. This report includes the 2022 financial statements and audit reports both for the EIB and the EIB Group.
EIB Global Report 2022/2023 - The impact
(2023)
Building on decades of experience working in Europe’s neighbourhood, in Africa and around the world, under EU mandates and in support of EU policy priorities, EIB Global brings together all the financial, engineering and ...
EIB Global Report 2022/2023 - The story
(2023)
The European Investment Bank plants the seeds for many future success stories. Now another seed has been planted: EIB Global, the EIB’s development arm, which began operating in 2022. This report tells the stories of ...
EIB Group activities in EU cohesion regions 2022
(2023)
This report analyses the EIB Group’s activity in cohesion regions in 2022. This year’s edition focuses on the Group’s contribution towards innovation for an inclusive, green and digital transition in line with the Innovation, ...
What drives firms' investment in climate change?
(2023)
High energy prices in Europe and uncertainty caused by the Ukraine war are testing EU firms’ ability to invest in climate change measures.
Europe urgently needs to embrace the transition to green energy, and firms will ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/03 -
(2023)
Does an increase in lending by multinational development banks affect the private lending activity in developing countries? This paper shows that this is indeed the case using data on loans and investments by the EIB in ...
EIB Working Paper 2023/02 - Trade disruptions in Europe
(2023)
Using firm-level data from the EIB Investment Survey, this paper describes how firms in the European Union have been affected by recent trade-related shocks, such as disruptions to logistics or access to materials, and how ...
EIB Investment Report 2020/2021
(2021)
The European Union's massive efforts to rebuild after the coronavirus pandemic present a unique opportunity to transform its economy, making it more green and digital – and ultimately more competitive. The Investment Report ...
The eastern horizon
(2020)
Countries and regions in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE) have gone through several challenges. They went through totalitarian and authoritarian communist regimes, gained independence at the end of the 19th century, faced ...
Ten years of the Vienna Initiative
(2019)
Amidst the global financial crisis, international institutions, national authorities and international commercial banks collaborated closely to prevent contagion spreading to Central, East and south east Europe. They built ...
Climate Solutions
(2019)
Climate change is the biggest threat humanity faces. So big, in fact, that it is sometimes hard to know what each of us, as individuals, can do to counter it. Climate Solutions details the challenges, lays out the solutions ...
Togetherness
(2020)
Europe’s cultural heritage is a vast, multifaceted mosaic showing who we were, who we are and who we aspire to be. We are all responsible for this huge, precious and fragile legacy.
The coronavirus pandemic revealed that ...
Hope and strength in the Western Balkans
(2020)
The Western Balkans have been a crossing point between Central Europe and the East for centuries.
Devastated by tragic conflicts, nationalism and neglected investments, the Western Balkan countries are striving to find a ...
EIB Financial Report 2019
(2020)
In 2019, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to EUR 63.3 billion.
This report includes the 2019 financial statements and audit report both for the EIB and the EIB Group.
Africa’s digital solutions to tackle COVID-19
(2020)
African countries are using technology in many new ways to fight the coronavirus pandemic. This report highlights some of the best digital solutions and estimates the investments required to implement the technology on a ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/11 - Macro-based asset allocation
(2020)
Macro-based asset allocation is based on the identification of turning points in macro-financial cycles. This paper suggests that macro-based asset allocation informed by trends in continuous business and financial cycle ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/02 - Impact of FDI on economic growth
(2020)
The impact of foreign direct investment (FDI) on economic growth is affected by incomes levels and the quality of the institutional environment. This paper examines these relationships based on data for 111 countries, ...
EIB Group Carbon Footprint Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group has been measuring and managing the environmental impact of its operations since 2007. In that time we have grown to meet the needs of European citizens (and beyond) by providing sustainable finance to tackle ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/08 - EIB Group Survey on Investment and Investment Finance
(2020)
Providing a technical analysis of the data quality of the EIB Investment Survey (EIBIS), this paper finds that the chosen sampling framework captures the business population of interest well and that there is little evidence ...
EIB Statistical Report 2019
(2020)
The Statistical Report presents in list form the projects financed and borrowings undertaken by the EIB in 2019, together with a list of the EIF's projects. It also includes summary tables for the year and over the last ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/04 - Making a difference
(2020)
This paper investigates the impact of intermediated funding provided by the EIB on the performance of SMEs in the EU between 2008 and 2014. Using statistical analysis of firm-level data, it finds that EIB lending had a ...
The EIB Climate Survey 2019-2020
(2020)
The European Investment Bank has launched a large scale survey across Europe, China and the US.
Goal of the survey was to find out about:
Citizens’ perception about the extent of climate change
Citizens’ individual ...
From starting to scaling
(2020)
High growth startups are widely recognized as key sources of employment, productivity growth and innovation. However, while the long-term impact of the COVID-19 crisis on startups remains to be seen, many now face greater ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/07 - The growing digital divide in Europe and the United States (Volume 2020/7)
(2020)
Using the EIBIS Digital and Skills Survey on digitalisation activities of firms in the EU and the US, this study confirms the trend toward a growing digital divide in the corporate landscape with, on one side, many firms ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/01 - How can favourable financing improve energy efficiency investments?
(2020)
Financial instruments and technical assistance are effective in increasing investments in energy efficiency.
When these favourable conditions are combined, the probability that firms invest in energy efficiency increases ...
The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index - An analysis of countries outside the European Union
(2020)
Which countries are most vulnerable to a virus such as COVID-19? Which countries should take the most stringent precautions to prevent the spread of such a virus? The EIB COVID-19 Economic Vulnerability Index covers countries ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/09 - The impact of international financial institutions on small and medium enterprises
(2019)
IFIs provide funding for SMEs, but what impact does this actually have on these firms? This working paper assesses the impact of funding by the EIB on the performance of more than 5,000 SMEs in eight countries in Central ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/01 - Blockchain, FinTechs and their relevance for international financial institutions (Volume 2019/1)
(2019)
This paper provides an introduction to financial technology and blockchain, while exploring:
the impact of FinTechs and TechFins on the financial sector,
a description of blockchain technology and its applications, with ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/08 - Investment
(2019)
In Romania, the share of firms carrying out investment is amongst the lowest in the European Union. This is despite strong economic growth in recent years and persistent needs for upgrading the capital stock in the country. ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/06 - Promoting energy audits
(2019)
Energy audits are key to increase investments in energy efficiency
This paper assesses the effectiveness of policy interventions in promoting energy audits by relying on evidence from a unique experiment.
The findings of ...
European Investment Bank Activity Report 2020
(2021)
Our flagship report highlights the European Investment Bank’s key contribution to combatting the COVID-19, climate change and development challenges that dominated 2020. It tells the stories of our crisis solutions.
...
EIBIS 2020 - EU overview
(2020)
The EIB Investment Survey gathers unique insights on the corporate investment landscape in the European Union. It is an essential tool that outlines companies' needs for finance and the constraints that prevent them from ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/04 - Can survey-based information help to assess investment gaps in the EU? (Volume 2019/4)
(2019)
Information from surveys can be used alongside macroeconomic indicators to provide a better understanding of the obstacles to investment faced by firms. This study uses merged firm level data from the European Investment ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/05 - Skill shortages and skill mismatch in Europe
(2019)
Labour markets are undergoing structural transformation due to globalisation, demographic trends, advancing digital technologies and automation and changes in labour market institutions. Against this background, businesses ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/07 - What firms don’t like about bank loans
(2019)
We use the association between non-financial firms and their banks, an information available in the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS), to disentangle the effects of borrowers’ and lenders’ financial weakness ...
EIB Working Papers 2020/03 - Employer provided training in Europe
(2020)
This report looks at employer–provided training in Europe. Starting with a brief outline of the economic theory of training, it turns to recent developments by combining data from two employer surveys, the European Investment ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/03 - Financing and obstacles for high growth enterprises
(2019)
Firms can be identified as high growth, stable or declining. This paper investigates the links between these different phases in the life of a firm, investment activity, financing needs and financing constraints. Using the ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/02 - How energy audits promote SMEs’ energy efficiency investment (Volume 2019/2)
(2019)
Energy audits play an important role in promoting energy-efficiency measures in SMEs. This paper uses EIB Investment Survey data about energy audits and energy-efficiency investments of some 12,500 signatures from EU28 ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/05 - Financing constraints and employers’ investment in training (Volume 2020/5)
(2020)
Using a representative sample of European firms, this paper studies whether and to what extent financing constraints affect employers’ decisions to invest in employee training. It combines survey data on investment activities ...
EU-Africa Infrastructure Trust Fund Annual Report 2019
(2020)
The EU-AITF promotes infrastructure investment in sub-Saharan Africa and thereby helps eradicate poverty and stimulate sustainable economic growth. The Fund works by blending grants, provided by donors, and long-term ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/06 - Digital technologies and firm performance
(2020)
As the productivity of the European economy shows signs of slowing down, many hopes are pinned on digital technologies to reverse this trend. This study uses data from the EIBIS 2019 survey to examine whether the adoption ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/01 - Towards a new growth model in CESEE
(2021)
The factors behind the pre-crisis growth model of the Central, Eastern and South-Eastern European EU countries (CESEE) region – skilled yet affordable labour force, foreign direct investment, imports of productivity-enhancing ...
Who is prepared for the new digital age?
(2020)
In the fight against the Coronavirus, digital technology is playing an unprecedented role in the maintenance of daily life and economic and social activities, as well as the recovery of industries and business activities. ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2020
(2021)
Supporting sustainable and inclusive growth is at the heart of the EIB Group’s lending. The EIB Group 2020 Sustainability Report looks at the impact of our global activities and our own corporate responsibility efforts. ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/02 - The birth of new high growth enterprises
(2021)
Internationalisation and the adoption of new digital technologies play an important role in the formation of new high growth enterprises. This paper examines this relationship for high growth enterprises in Europe and the ...
The EIB Climate Survey 2020-2021 - The climate crisis in a COVID-19 world
(2021)
The third edition of the EIB Climate Survey shows that COVID-19 has changed people’s perception of the climate emergency. Most Europeans now consider the pandemic to be the greatest challenge facing their countries, but ...
Three foundations
(2019)
Europe faces a historic opportunity. We need to reimagine European unity as a collective endeavour, as the only way in which we can turn threats to our way of life into the possibility to create a better life for all. This ...
Going green
(2020)
Investments in energy efficiency improvements are vital to ensure Europe’s future as a sustainable, yet prosperous economy. Amid the COVID-19 crisis, however, there is a great risk of losing sight of the benefits of energy ...
Bologna
(2019)
Bologna’s unique political and cultural history helped it forge ahead of most Italian cities with strategic investments in services, health care and education. How well does its focus on sustainability in a range of areas ...
Don't fear AI (Volume 2)
(2019)
Over the last decade, Europe and most advanced economies have experienced a decline in productivity, leading to political unrest and rising uncertainty about the future. A new production revolution, enabled in part by ...
Life in Cyberspace (Volume 5)
(2019)
Internet is a real place. Every time we switch on our computers, use a program or an application, or log in to a social media site, we enter a virtual space made up of worlds, domains, forums and rooms. But we behave ...
Stockholm
(2019)
Once upon a time there was a city in a cold place a long way to the north. One day the city started to tell a story about itself. As the chapters unfolded, life in the city changed, and soon it didn’t even seem so cold or ...
Common Ground (Volume 10)
(2019)
By 2050, three-quarters of the world’s 9.6-billion-strong population will be living in cities – inhabiting vibrant historic cores, commuting from new hinterlands via high-speed transit, or occupying informal urban settlements. ...
On Water (Volume 1)
(2019)
When taking a drink is as easy as turning a tap, it is easy to forget that our water supply is fragile and that hundreds of millions of people do not have clean drinking water or proper sanitation.The human impact on our ...
I have a dream (Volume 8)
(2019)
All athletes experience setbacks. But to have your limbs - the very tools you use to practice your sport - taken away by an illness at a young age is a setback that many would never overcome. Bebe Vio never gave up her ...
Smart Europe (Volume 4)
(2019)
A green digital economy could change the future of the Old Continent. The new Smart Europe will be based on three elements: new communication technologies, new sources of energy and new modes of mobility. But the transition ...
Banking in Africa
(2020)
In its fifth edition, this report focuses on recent developments in Africa’s banking sectors and the policy options for all stakeholders. The study of banking sectors across all African sub-regions includes the results of ...
Funding women entrepreneurs
(2020)
Intervention is needed to improve women-led companies’ access to finance. In a recent study, EIB’s InnovFin Advisory assessed the availability of finance for women-owned and managed companies in Europe as compared to the ...
London
(2018)
Despite the uncertainties of Brexit, London continues to be rated as a leading location in Europe and the world for business, knowledge, and talent. But 30 years ago, when London had no citywide government, a transport ...
Why Vienna gets high marks (Volume 2)
(2018)
This essay reviews the political circumstances and strategic orientations of Vienna's comprehensive urban development policy, and how the EIB's investments facilitated key projects and supported Vienna's process of urban ...
Győr
(2019)
Located between three European capital cities, Győr has to work hard to attract investment and jobs. The Hungarian city has set itself up to attract innovative companies, creating new urban values such as education-based ...
Warsaw
(2018)
With 3 million residents, the Metropolitan Warsaw region is today the ninth most-populated capital city in the EU. It has undergone a series of far-reaching changes to its economic structure over the past 50 years to attain ...
The genome e-volution (Volume 12)
(2020)
“We have made great progress, but we are still vulnerable and our common commitment to fight global health challenges is not yet strong enough. Despite our knowledge, despite new technologies, without concentrated and ...
The vision and the path (Volume 11)
(2019)
What is Europe? A continent fragmented through the centuries by wars, border conflicts and cultural diversity. As Europeans, we do not have a common language or a common history, but we do have common roots, needs and ...
Food for change (Volume 9)
(2019)
Massimo Bottura is more than a Michelin star-winning chef. Together with Lara Gilmore, he also founded Food for Soul, a non-profit organisation seeking to reduce food waste through social inclusion and mitigate the carbon ...
The virtuous circle (Volume 7)
(2019)
Imagine an economy in which today’s goods become tomorrow’s resources and nothing is discarded. Ellen MacArthur, the founder of her eponymous foundation, which works to accelerate the transition to a regenerative economy, ...
Health is wealth (Volume 3)
(2019)
Surgical intervention saves lives, but health policies in the developing world have often been too feeble or too focused on treating specific emergencies, rather than ensuring that everyone has access to true universal ...
Feeding future generations
(2019)
The food sector is a strategic part of the European economy, but it faces many complex challenges: The sector is afraid of risk Spending on innovation is low The sector does not use technology adequately The financing ...
EIB Group Sustainability Report 2019
(2020)
The EIB Group 2019 Sustainability Report provides an overview of the European Investment Bank Group’s operations and impact as they relate to our objective to support smart, sustainable and inclusive growth in a challenging ...
The EIB in the city
(2019)
"City, transformed" has shown how Europe’s cities have developed over the last 50 years. The European Investment Bank has adapted alongside them, building a greater, more focused role in urban development that takes it ...
EIB Investment Report 2019/2020 - Key Findings
(2019)
The Investment Report, issued annually by the European Investment Bank, provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of investment and the financing of investment in the European Union. It combines the exploration of ...
Burgas
(2019)
Burgas regularly tops the list of best places to live in Bulgaria. Whether enjoying a walk through the resplendent Sea Garden, relaxing on the beautiful central city beach, or enjoying a drink and fresh grilled fish at one ...
A bright future (Volume 6)
(2019)
There is good news and bad news in the renewable energy industry. We have made a lot of progress in green energy over the past few years as technologies have improved and the costs of production have fallen. But we are not ...
The story of your city (Volume 1)
(2018)
By the end of this century, 9 out of 10 Europeans will live in an urban area. But what kind of city will they call home? You'll find all the answers in CITY, TRANSFORMED, the new essay series from the European Investment ...
Why are women entrepreneurs missing out on funding?
(2020)
The study assesses the access-to-risk-capital conditions for women-driven companies in Europe in comparison to the US and Israel to contextualise emergent cross-country and regional barriers and gaps. The study finds that ...
EIB Investment Report 2019/2020
(2019)
The Investment Report, issued annually by the European Investment Bank, provides a comprehensive overview and analysis of investment and the financing of investment in the European Union. It combines the exploration of ...
EIB Group Activity Report 2019
(2020)
This report tracks the green thread that runs through the European Investment Bank Group’s work in 2019, specifically action to fight climate change. Climate action has long been a significant factor in the Bank’s work. ...
Annual Report 2019 on EIB Activity in Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific, and the Overseas Countries and Territories
(2020)
Let us introduce you to some of the people who are helping to make a difference and improve lives across sub-Saharan Africa, the Caribbean, the Pacific and the Overseas Countries and Territories. We speak to a greengrocer ...
The EIB Circular Economy Guide
(2020)
The EIB Circular Economy Guide aims to promote a common understanding of circular economy, and raise awareness about and promote circular solutions. The Guide provides information about EIB’s lending and advisory activities ...
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025
(2020)
The EIB Group Climate Bank Roadmap 2021-2025 outlines our goals for climate finance that supports the European Green Deal and helps make Europe carbon-neutral by 2050. It maps the next stages in the journey to a sustainable ...
EIB Operations Inside the European Union 2019
(2020)
Every year, the EIB takes a hard look at the work we do across Europe. We want to see if we are meeting goals for innovation, small businesses and the climate. We want to be sure that our projects are making a big difference ...
The European Fund for Strategic Investments
(2021)
The inside story of the European Fund for Strategic Investments from 2015 to 2020 told through interviews with the Managing Director, Deputy Managing Director, members of the Investment Committee and final beneficiaries ...
Global reach
(2020)
The greatest challenges we face to today are global. This is true for climate change and the need to build new models of sustainable and resilient development. It is equally true for the coronavirus pandemic that threatens ...
EIB Working Papers 2019/10 - Structural and cyclical determinants of access to finance
(2020)
Egyptian firms face significant access to finance constraints. Using panel data, this paper examines the reasons why many Egyptian firms do not use formal banking services. Using data on the location of firms and bank ...
EIB Working Paper 2020/09 - Investment vs debt trade-offs in the post-COVID-19 European economy
(2020)
This paper estimates the revenues lost by European firms during the COVID-19 crisis, taking into account different scenarios regarding policy support and the length of the crisis. It examines the likely effect of such ...
EIB Financial Report 2020
(2021)
In 2020, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to EUR 66.1 bn. This report includes the 2020 financial statements and audit report both for the EIB and the EIB Group.
EIB financing and borrowing activities 2020
(2021)
In 2020, the European Investment Bank lent a total of EUR 66bn and the European Investment Fund committed close to EUR 13bn. To fund its activities, the EIB raised EUR equivalent of 70bn on the international capital markets. ...
Default statistics
(2021)
To address the need for greater volumes of private investment tackling sustainable development goals in the most isolated regions, the Global Emerging Markets Risk Database Consortium (GEMs) issued its first public report ...
The 15 circular steps for cities – Second edition
(2021)
The transition to a circular economy not only conserves resources, but also reduces environmental and climate impacts. It fosters innovation and thereby increases competitiveness and creates new jobs. Cities can be ...
The rise of Africa’s digital economy
(2021)
The rise of an African digital economy is improving millions of lives and rapidly transforming societies. Africa has a unique opportunity to become more sustainable and create economic growth through the better use of data, ...
On Inequality (Big Ideas)
(2021)
Does Europe have an inequality problem? Amid the COVID-19 pandemic, many Europeans are certainly struggling. The rise of populist movements is another signal that something is awry. Many Europeans no longer see their economy ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/06 - Efficiency and effectiveness of the COVID-19 government support
(2021)
We utilize several unique firm-level datasets in order to assess the efficiency and effectiveness of the government support aiming to curb the economic consequences of the coronavirus (COVID- 19) pandemic. The results, ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/04 - Aggregate productivity slowdown in Europe
(2021)
Using firm balance sheet data, this paper shows the impact of credit constraints on allocative efficiency and productivity growth. Allocative efficiency is the extent to which resources, including labour, are distributed ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/05 - The impact of bank loan terms on intangible investment in Europe
(2021)
Using EIBIS data, this paper investigates the effects of different loan conditions on firms’ propensity to invest in intangible assets. When firms face restriction in how much they can borrow, this has a strong effect on ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/03 - Assessing climate change risks at the country level
(2021)
The EIB Climate Change Risk Country Scoring Model provides a way to comprehensively assess the climate change risks faced by more than 180 countries. The two sets of scores for physical and transition risks aggregate ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/07 - Can European businesses achieve productivity gains from investments in energy efficiency?
(2021)
When they consider investing in energy efficiency measures many firms focus only on direct energy savings and do not consider non-energy benefits that include increased labour productivity. To date, due to lack of high-quality ...
Digitalisation in Europe 2020-2021
(2021)
Taking an early lead on digitalisation is crucial to Europe’s lasting competitiveness. Our newest digitalisation report sheds light on the state of digitalisation in European countries: The adoption of digital technologies ...
Global Solutions, International Partnerships
(2021)
The climate crisis and the COVID-19 pandemic remind us that we cannot face down our challenges alone—our solutions must be global. The European Investment Bank is at the heart of the push to turn EU policy initiatives into ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2020
(2021)
This report provides a comprehensive breakdown of EIB Group greenhouse gas emissions arising from internal operations at head office locations in 2020. It also analyses comparatively against performance in previous years ...
EIB Working Paper 2021/09 - Market finance as a spare tyre? Corporate investment and access to bank credit in Europe
(2021)
We estimate a FAVAR with Bayesian techniques in order to investigate the impact of loan supply conditions on euro area corporate investment and its financing structure. We identify shocks to overall demand and loan supply ...