Publications
Now showing items 161-193 of 193
The EIB Climate Survey
(2024)
The seventh annual EIB Climate Survey provides valuable insight into how Europeans view the challenges and opportunities of adapting to climate change in 2024. 94% – a strong consensus across the European Union – agree ...
Finance in Africa
(2024)
The Finance in Africa report is a product of the EIB Economics Department, providing an analysis of recent developments in the African financial sector and specific structural topics of relevance. It combines in-house ...
CESEE Bank Lending Survey – Spring 2023
(2023)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Group Sustainability report 2022
(2023)
The EIB Group is responding to the myriad crises facing the European Union -- climate change, the Ukraine war and energy insecurity -- by making sustainable investments that will help the green transition and spur innovation. ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2022
(2023)
Between 2022 and the 2018 baseline, the EIB Group has reduced its annual gross emissions by over 35%. As COVID-19 restrictions ended in 2022, there was a 125% increase in total gross emissions that same year compared with 2021.
Digitalisation in Europe 2022-2024
(2023)
The European Union is closing the digital gap with the United States. More than half of European firms invested in digitalisation during the COVID-19 pandemic, and they are rapidly catching up with their US peers in ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2021
(2022)
Since the 2018 baseline, the greenhouse gas emissions intensity per employee have fallen by 82% as a result of the social COVID-19 restrictions and of EIB Group's internal decarbonization plan.
Financial Report 2023
(2024)
In 2023, the Bank’s lending signatures amounted to €75.1 billion. This report includes the 2023 financial statements and audit reports for the EIB and the EIB Group.
EIB Global Impact Report 2023/2024
(2024)
Covering EIB Global’s activities in 2023, this annual report shows how these activities are aligned with EU priorities and initiatives in different regions. It details the results and impact achieved by EIB Global’s ...
EIB Group Sustainability report 2023
(2024)
Climate change is the big challenge of our generation. The European Investment Bank is helping the world meet this challenge by bringing down emissions in carbon-intensive industries and in many other sectors. In 2023, the ...
Financing and borrowing activities 2023
(2024)
This report lays out the European Investment Bank’s public policy goals and details its investments in the projects that support them. It provides a breakdown of all projects signed in 2023 within the European Union and ...
EIB Group activity in EU cohesion regions 2023
(2024)
This report analyses the EIB Group’s activity in cohesion regions in 2023, with particular emphasis on targeted social investments in key systemic enablers in those regions, such as access to essential services (e.g. ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: First half of 2024
(2024)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/02 - The effect of uncertainty on investment
(2024)
Using firm-level survey data combined with firm-level financial information, this working paper examines the impact of uncertainty on EU firms' investment and employment growth. The analysis shows that increased uncertainty ...
Carbon Footprint Report 2023
(2024)
This report offers a detailed analysis of the European Investment Bank Group’s greenhouse gas emissions from its head office operations in Luxembourg for 2023. It includes a comparative performance review against 2022 and ...
EIB Investment Report 2024/2025
(2025)
The European Union must solidify its position as a global leader in technology, innovation and clean energy. By addressing key challenges and leveraging existing strengths, Europe can enhance its competitiveness, foster ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/02 - How do macroprudential policies affect corporate investment? Insights from EIBIS data
(2025)
Macroprudential policies aim to preserve financial stability by curbing excessive risk-taking in the financial system. As a knock-on effect, they can also impact investment activity by firms. This study uses firm-level ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/03 - Investment decisions in a high-inflation environment
(2024)
In the 2021-2022 period, European firms have faced historically high inflation, with annual increases in consumer prices peaking at 11.5 % in October 2022. While the linkage between high inflation and investments is expected ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/03 - Access to finance and corporate emissions: A distributional perspective
(2024)
The ability of firms to reduce carbon emissions is linked to how well they can invest in new lower-emissions technologies, and thus to the types of finance they can access. This study investigates the relationship between ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/05 - A positive trade-off: Emissions reduction and costs under Phase IV of the Emissions Trading System
(2024)
The manufacturing sector is a significant contributor to greenhouse gas emissions in the EU. This paper investigates the impact of the EU Emissions Trading System (ETS) on this manufacturing sector. It employs a panel ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/07 - How regional spillovers shape EU firms’ climate investments
(2024)
Data from the European Investment Bank Investment Survey (EIBIS) for 2023 provides insights on why EU firms adopt greener practices and the influence of spillover effects, in which climate investment decisions in one region ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/08 - Do financing conditions pose a threat to the performance and transformation of SMEs?
(2024)
The availability of internal and external financing sources significantly influences firms’ investments and growth. Even profitable firms with ample financing in normal times can be adversely affected by demand and supply ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/04 - The impact of the digital and green transitions on investment inefficiency
(2024)
Firms do not always invest at the optimal and most efficient level. This study examines whether investing in green and digital technologies tends to make the level of firms' investments more efficient or inefficient. Using ...
EIB Working Paper 2024/06 - Intangible differences: Investment during the pandemic and the role of financial constraints
(2024)
The COVID-19 crisis triggered a reduction in investment by European firms, affecting both tangible assets like buildings and machinery, and investments in intangible assets like research and development (R&D) and training. ...
The state of local infrastructure investment in Europe
(2025)
Local governments are on the front lines of some of today’s biggest challenges – climate change, affordable housing and equitable and effective education. But are they ready to invest at the scale needed? Our latest EIB ...
EIB Global Impact Report 2024/2025
(2025)
Discover how the EIB is shaping a more resilient, sustainable, and inclusive world though its support to countries outside the European Union. The EIB Group Global Impact Report 2024/2025 offers a compelling look into ...
Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe (CESEE) Bank Lending Survey: First half of 2025
(2025)
The CESEE Bank Lending Survey is a unique instrument developed in the context of the Vienna Initiative to monitor cross-border banking activities and deleveraging in Central, Eastern and South-Eastern Europe. It serves to ...
Shock waves from turbulent times: How EU businesses recalibrate supply chains
(2025)
Uncertainty and trade disruptions caused by a series of geopolitical upheavals over the past decade continue to shake global trade and production models. The European Union has learned from recent shocks, and a variety of ...
Sustainability Report 2024
(2025)
Sustainable economic growth depends on inclusive and resilient communities and requires investment in social infrastructure, affordable and sustainable housing, gender equality, education and healthcare. The EIB Group ...
EIB Working Paper 2025/04 - How does digitalisation support firms’ strategies for climate change mitigation and adaptation
(2025)
This publication examines how digitalisation supports firms in developing effective climate change mitigation and adaptation strategies. Drawing on extensive survey data, it highlights that digitally advanced firms are ...
Investment gaps to achieve sustainable targets in the bioeconomy
(2025)
The bioeconomy contributes €967 billion annually to the European Union, representing 8.6% of GDP and supporting 16.9% of EU jobs. It constitutes a cornerstone of the Union’s economic resilience and its innovation, ...
EIB Investment Survey 2025 - European Union overview
(2025)
Businesses are finding it difficult to plan. They are trying to understand the ultimate effect of US tariffs and potentially profound geopolitical changes. Those pressures could have depressed investment, but the EIB ...
Unlocking energy efficiency investments by small firms and mid-caps
(2025)
Energy consumption in the European Union has steadily declined over the last twenty years, and since 2020 economic growth has been effectively decoupled from energy use. However, reaching the European climate and energy ...